Sikhism is one of the major religions in India and
recognizable in the world for their long beards and turbans that exude an aura
of mystery. But what is Sikhism? And what are its teachings and principle?
Founders: Guru Nanak of Sikhism
Guru has been used informally to mean an
expert in a particular field – financial guru, fitness guru, business guru,
etc. For the Sikhs, however, the word meant something sacred. A guru meant a
spiritual and wise mentor that share his word of Enlightenment. And such the
case of 10 of Sikhism’s Guru which began with its founder Guru Nanak.What Happened during the Second Afghan-War?
The
First Anglo-Afghan War witnessed the extent of British aggression and Afghan
resolve to maintain its independence. British India, however, failed to
contemplate their first mistake and went to repeat it once again with the Second
Anglo-Afghan War.
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| Attack on Khandahar |
The House of Barakzai of Afghanistan - Part 3
Nadir Khan became Nadir Shah after deposing King Amanullah in 1929. Amanullah's downfall came no surprise after the late King imposed rapid reformation of the country striking a strong core of traditionalism of Afghans. Barakzai Kings must then rule country respecting tradition yet maintain a course of reform in a slower and gradual pace or face downfall.
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| Kabul Railway |
The House of Barakzai of Afghanistan - Part 2
After the Second Anglo-Afghan War, Afghanistan rebuild under the
leadership fo Abdur Rahman. As the new century came near, new challenges
confronted the Barakzai Dynasty. Other than maintaining peace with imperial powers,
the Barakzai also faced the reality of change – modernization, westernization,
and reformation. They must steer the country towards stable progress against a
backdrop of rigid traditionalism and tribalism.
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| Afghan troops, 1900's |
The House of Barakzai of Afghanistan - Part 1
The dynasty led Afghanistan from 1826 to 1973 and on that period it
battled foreign intervention, imperialism, traditionalism, and tribalism
resulting to eventful and turbulent reigns of its rulers.
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| Dost Mohammad, Founder of the Barakzai Dynasty |
What Happened during the First Anglo-Afghan War?
Many great powers had fallen to the quagmire of Afghanistan. The most recent, the United States and NATO found it difficult to stabilize the country and more so during the previous invasion of the country by the Soviet Union in the 20th century. And even prior that century, the British Empire faced difficulty in subduing the Afghan people that began with the First Anglo-Afghan War.
